The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has found no evidence suggesting a mutation in the Andes strain of hantavirus following a deadly outbreak on a cruise ship. This assessment was published on Wednesday amidst rising international concern after three passengers died during a cruise from Argentina to Cape Verde.
Details of the Outbreak
In addition to the fatalities, seven other passengers tested positive for hantavirus. Among these, a French individual is reported to be in critical condition. An eighth case is classified as “probable,” according to the AFP count. All passengers have been evacuated and are currently under quarantine.
Investigation Findings
Andreas Hoefer, a microbiologist and molecular epidemiologist at the ECDC, stated that preliminary investigations using complete genomic sequencing indicate no unusual behavior of the virus compared to known strains circulating globally. He noted that all sequences obtained thus far are nearly identical, suggesting a single instance of transmission from an infected animal to a human.
Transmission and Risk
The hantavirus generally spreads through infected rodents, primarily via urine, feces, and saliva. Laboratory tests conducted in South Africa and Switzerland have confirmed the presence of the Andes strain, which is unique for its potential human-to-human transmission.
Health Guidelines
- There is currently no specific vaccine or treatment for hantavirus.
- The ECDC and WHO recommend a 42-day quarantine and continuous monitoring of high-risk contacts, due to the potential six-week incubation period.
According to ECDC Director Pamela Rendi-Wagner, the long incubation period means more cases might arise among quarantined passengers, stating, “This cannot be excluded.” Gianfranco Spiteri, head of global epidemic intelligence and health security at ECDC, emphasized that the highest risk of transmission occurs in symptomatic individuals. However, contagion may also be possible in the days leading up to symptom onset.
As a precautionary measure, Spiteri recommends conducting contact tracing for two days prior to the emergence of symptoms, ensuring comprehensive monitoring to prevent further spread of hantavirus.
