The UN Security Council is set to vote on Friday on a resolution concerning the status of Western Sahara. This vote follows a one-day delay. The resolution asserts that genuine autonomy for Western Sahara under Moroccan sovereignty could represent the most viable solution to the ongoing conflict that has persisted for over 50 years.
Background on the Western Sahara Conflict
Morocco claims Western Sahara as its territory. In contrast, the Polisario Front, which is supported by Algeria, seeks to establish an independent state in the region. The proposed autonomy plan was first presented by Morocco to the UN in 2007. This plan aims to create local legislative, executive, and judicial authorities elected by the residents of Western Sahara, while Morocco retains control over defense, foreign, and religious affairs.
Key Points of the Autonomy Plan
- Initiated by Morocco in 2007.
- Establishes local authorities elected by the people of Western Sahara.
- Morocco maintains oversight of defense and foreign relations.
Voting Dynamics and Challenges
The resolution currently does not have confirmed support from Russia and China, both of whom hold veto rights. To pass, the resolution needs at least nine affirmative votes, provided none of the permanent members, including Russia, China, the U.S., the U.K., or France, vetoes it. There is a dispute about the autonomy wording, with Algeria advocating for its removal.
Responses from Key Players
- The Polisario Front has stated it will not engage in negotiations based on a resolution supporting the autonomy plan.
- Algeria indicates it will not support a resolution that favors Moroccan autonomy.
- Current UN peacekeeping operations in Western Sahara, known as MINURSO, have their mandate extended by one year under the proposed resolution.
In a past resolution draft, the mandate was only extended for six months, highlighting the sensitivity of the situation. The Secretary-General of the United Nations, António Guterres, will be asked to provide a strategic review of MINURSO’s future within six months, factoring in the negotiation results.
International Support for Morocco
Notably, U.S. support for Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara was reinforced by President Donald Trump in July. His administration views the autonomy plan as the sole resolution to the conflict. Similarly, France’s recognition of Morocco’s sovereignty has bolstered its position. In June, the U.K. also expressed support for Moroccan self-governance in Western Sahara, alongside Spain and various European nations, marking a shift in EU foreign policy regarding the issue.
