Recent research has raised concerns about the long-term use of melatonin, a popular sleep aid. The study, presented during the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions, analyzed data from over 130,000 adults in multiple countries, particularly focusing on those suffering from insomnia.
Heart Failure Risk Linked to Long-Term Melatonin Use
The findings indicate that adults prescribed melatonin for more than a year are at a significantly higher risk for heart failure. Specifically, this group faced an 89% increased risk over five years when compared to those not using the supplement. Additionally, the risk of dying from any cause doubled among long-term melatonin users.
- 89% higher risk of heart failure over five years
- Twice as likely to die from any cause
- 3.5 times higher likelihood of hospitalization for heart failure
Melatonin Usage and Safety Concerns
Melatonin is often regarded as safe for short-term use, typically 1 to 2 months. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on its effects when used long-term. As the supplement’s popularity rises, the need for more comprehensive studies grows. Ekenedilichukwu Nnadi, a medical researcher, emphasized the implications of the findings on patient counseling regarding sleep aids.
While melatonin replicates a hormone naturally produced by the brain to regulate sleep, the convenience of over-the-counter availability may lead users to self-administer without professional guidance on dosage or duration. In the U.S., users can purchase it freely, whereas in the UK, it requires a prescription.
Study Limitations and Expert Insights
Despite these alarming results, experts caution against jumping to conclusions. The methodology of the study has significant limitations. The researchers used electronic health records to determine melatonin usage instead of direct surveys. This means that participants in the control group may have included individuals taking melatonin without a prescription.
Carlos Egea, President of the Spanish Federation of Sleep Medicine Societies, acknowledged this limitation but noted the study’s findings prompt serious consideration of melatonin’s safety. He advocates for a more controlled prospective trial to more clearly understand the risks associated with chronic melatonin therapy.
Potential Risks of Melatonin
Beyond heart health, there are additional safety concerns regarding melatonin. Recent incidents in Australia, where children experienced non-fatal overdoses of the supplement, highlight the need for caution, especially among vulnerable populations.
As the understanding of melatonin’s long-term implications evolves, both patients and healthcare providers should remain vigilant and informed. Further research is essential to clarify the safety of melatonin supplements and their impact on overall health.
