The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to three prominent scientists for their groundbreaking work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This innovative research has led to the development of highly porous materials with diverse applications, including water harvesting from arid environments, carbon dioxide capture from industries, and toxin removal from water sources.
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry
Susumu Kitagawa from Kyoto University, Richard Robson from the University of Melbourne, and Omar Yaghi from the University of California, Berkeley, shared the award, which amounts to 11 million Swedish kronor (approximately £871,400). The honor was presented by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences during a ceremony in Stockholm.
Innovative Research on MOFs
The scientists pioneered methods to synthesize metal ions and organic molecules into structures that are exceptionally permeable to liquids and gases. Their work has resulted in tens of thousands of different MOFs, applicable in various fields such as:
- Storing hydrogen
- Remediating “forever chemicals” from water
- Recovering rare earth metals from waste materials
Prof. Heiner Linke, chair of the Nobel committee for chemistry, highlighted the significance of this research. He likened the capability of MOFs to “Hermione’s handbag” from the Harry Potter series, noting that these materials can store significant amounts of gas in minimal space.
Background of the Research
Richard Robson initiated this research in 1989. Born in Glusburn, West Yorkshire, he studied at Oxford and Stanford universities before relocating to Australia. His early work involved combining copper ions with a unique four-armed molecule to create pyramid-shaped structures. However, these initial structures had stability issues.
Further advancements came from Susumu Kitagawa and Omar Yaghi, who enhanced the stability of MOFs. Kitagawa’s work demonstrated that structures based on cobalt, nickel, and zinc could effectively store and release various gases, including methane and nitrogen. He emphasized the adaptability of MOFs for specific tasks and the potential of flexible materials.
Personal Journeys of the Winners
Omar Yaghi’s inspiration for chemistry began at an early age. Growing up in a modest home in Amman, Jordan, he developed a passion for science after discovering a book in a locked school library. His educational journey took him to the United States, where he pursued advanced studies. Yaghi approached molecular construction innovatively, likening it to assembling Lego pieces into larger structures. He notably developed exceptional zinc-based MOFs capable of absorbing vast quantities of gas, with properties similar to the area of a football pitch.
Dr. Becky Greenaway, a chemist at Imperial College London, acknowledged the long-awaited recognition of MOFs with the Nobel Prize. She stated that their discovery has revolutionized numerous applications, from gas storage to drug delivery, and has opened avenues for research into porous liquids for carbon capture and catalysis.
