Vivienne Ming, a leading researcher at the Possibility Institute, recently issued a stark warning about artificial intelligence (AI). In her view, the technology is creating a growing divide, separating individuals into two distinct categories: those who leverage AI to enhance their thinking and a far larger group that relies on AI as a substitute for critical thought.
The Cognitive Divide: An Overview
Ming’s observations draw attention to a troubling trend. Many users are outsourcing their cognitive functions to AI, rather than using it as a tool for deeper reasoning. In her recent discussion with Business Insider, she described this phenomenon as a dangerous cognitive divide that can threaten independent thinking.
The Impact of AI on Human Cognition
As AI technologies become increasingly prevalent in professional settings—impacting everything from coding to writing—concerns over cognitive decline are escalating. A notable incident occurred when the AI tool Claude, developed by Anthropic, temporarily failed. Developers reported difficulty maintaining their productivity, illustrating how dependent some have become on AI-assisted tasks.
Research Insights: The Experiment
To better understand AI’s effects on cognitive abilities, Ming conducted an experiment from late summer through fall 2025. The study involved 72 participants from UC Berkeley and the San Francisco Bay Area, working with Polymarket data to make predictions on real-world events.
- Approximately 90% to 95% of participants fell into one of two groups:
- Those who relied on AI for answers.
- Those who utilized AI to validate their assumptions.
- Only 5% to 10% approached AI differently, using it as a collaborative partner rather than a crutch.
Introducing “Hybrid Intelligence”
Ming describes the successful interaction between humans and AI as “hybrid intelligence.” This concept goes beyond merely combining human intelligence with machines. It emphasizes how these two entities can generate unique insights through collaboration. The best outcomes, according to Ming, arise not from advanced AI systems but from essential human traits like curiosity and intellectual humility.
The Dangers of Over-Reliance on AI
Despite its potential benefits, Ming warns that relying too heavily on AI might lead to detrimental effects on cognitive health. She compares excessive dependence on AI to overusing GPS navigation. While it simplifies tasks in the short term, it can gradually diminish essential cognitive abilities.
In workplace environments, this trend is compounded by a culture that prioritizes efficiency over critical scrutiny of AI-generated outputs. Ming expresses concern that this could result in homogenized work quality, referring to it as “AI slop.” She argues that while AI outputs may be accurate, they lack true uniqueness and value.
Conclusion: The Future of AI and Cognitive Skills
Ming’s research highlights a pressing issue concerning the intersection of AI and human cognition. As society increasingly integrates AI into daily tasks, it’s essential to foster a balance between leveraging technology and maintaining independent thought. Recognizing and addressing this cognitive divide is crucial for ensuring long-term cognitive health and creativity in an AI-driven world.
