The astronomical calculations indicate that Eid al-Fitr will likely be celebrated on Friday, March 20, 2026, across most Arab nations. However, some countries may mark the occasion on Saturday, March 21, due to variations in sighting the crescent moon. The differences in starting Ramadan stem from varying sighting methods adopted by different nations.
Astronomical Events Leading to Eid al-Fitr
According to Dr. Ziad Allawi, an expert in moon sighting standards, the critical conjunction will occur at 4:23 AM Mecca time on March 19, 2026. This marks the point where the moon positions itself between the Earth and Sun, paving the way for the new moon’s formation.
Crescent Visibility Map
The crescent visibility can vary significantly across different regions. Dr. Allawi created a map detailing the visibility of the crescent moon on March 19. Key indicators from the map are as follows:
- Gray: Crescent visibility is impossible due to the moon setting before sunset.
- Uncolored Areas: The moon sets after the sun, making visibility unlikely.
- Red: The crescent may be seen with a telescope and an experienced observer.
- Yellow: Visibility is possible with a telescope and potentially with the naked eye under perfect conditions.
- Green: The crescent can be viewed with the naked eye.
- Dark Green: The new moon is clearly visible.
Areas in the Arab world are primarily in red or yellow zones, suggesting favorable conditions for spotting the crescent moon with the right equipment.
Why Different Start Dates for Ramadan?
The start of Ramadan varied across Islamic countries. The following outlines when Ramadan began in different regions:
- February 18, 2026: 28 countries, including Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Lebanon, began Ramadan.
- February 19, 2026: Countries like Jordan and Egypt commenced Ramadan as the crescent was not sighted on the previous evening.
- February 20, 2026: Only Fiji and New Zealand started on this day.
This variation means that some countries will reach the 29th of Ramadan on March 19, while others will not.
Expected Celebration Dates
For countries starting Ramadan on February 18, Eid al-Fitr will naturally fall on March 20, 2026. Conversely, nations that commenced on February 19 may require additional verification of the crescent, potentially observing Eid al-Fitr a day later, on March 21.
Special Cases for Crescent Sighting
Interestingly, New Zealand and neighboring areas may face challenges in sighting the crescent on the same day. Hence, if they complete a full 30 days of Ramadan, their celebration may fall on Sunday, March 22, 2026.
In conclusion, while the majority of Arab nations are set to celebrate Eid al-Fitr on March 20, the varying start days of Ramadan will lead to some exceptions, underlining the complexities involved in lunar sighting and holiday observance across different countries.
