As extreme cold weather grips much of Canada, public health officials and emergency physicians are raising alarms about the heightened risk of frostbite. Dr. Sahil Gupta from St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto emphasizes the importance of being prepared, especially in regions where such low temperatures may be uncommon.
Understanding Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when skin freezes due to prolonged exposure to cold. The initial stage, known as frostnip, typically does not cause permanent damage. However, more severe frostbite can result in grey or dusky skin, blisters, and unusual hardness, signals of possible tissue death.
Areas Vulnerable to Frostbite
Commonly affected areas include:
- Face
- Ears
- Hands
- Feet
These extremities, particularly fingers and toes, are more susceptible, and frostbite can occur within minutes under extreme wind chill conditions.
Preventing Frostbite in Extreme Cold
Authorities urge residents to limit outdoor activities during severe cold spells. If going outside is unavoidable, layering clothing is crucial to retain heat. Recommended clothing includes:
- A warm hat
- Neck warmer
- Insulated gloves or mittens
- Proper footwear that allows for good circulation
Dr. Howard Shapiro from Toronto Public Health advises wearing mittens over gloves for better warmth. Those who work outdoors should take frequent breaks to warm up. Additionally, individuals experiencing homelessness are at heightened risk and can benefit from city-operated warming centers during frigid temperatures.
Emergency Preparedness
During extreme cold, basic errands can pose risks. Matthew Bradica from the Thunder Bay District Health Unit highlights the need for an emergency kit in vehicles. Suggested items include:
- Warm clothing
- Hats
- Gloves
- Jumper cables
- Windshield scrapers
Being prepared ensures quicker exit from cold environments in case of unexpected situations, such as vehicle troubles.
Responding to Frostbite Symptoms
Immediate action is vital if frostbite signs appear. Dr. Kate Hayman recommends getting indoors to warm up before treating affected areas. Immerse hands or feet in warm water for at least 30 minutes. If you notice changes in sensation or skin color post-rewarming, seek medical attention.
Blisters, changes in skin color, and persistent numbness are indicators of serious frostbite requiring professional evaluation. Delayed treatment can increase the likelihood of amputation.
Medical Treatment Options
In hospitals, medications are available to enhance blood flow to affected areas, potentially avoiding amputation. Treatments include iloprost, which relaxes blood vessels, and thrombolytics used to dissolve blood clots.
Health professionals stress the urgency of early intervention in frostbite cases, ideally within 24 to 48 hours of exposure, to minimize complications.
Conclusion
As extreme cold continues, awareness and preparedness are key to preventing frostbite. Pay attention to the signs, dress appropriately, and ensure you have necessary provisions for safety during the winter months.
