Muju is a district located in the northeastern part of South Korea’s North Jeolla Province. It comprises one town and five myeons, with a population of approximately 23,000 residents. Historically, Muju has been controlled by various kingdoms, including Baekje, Silla, and Goryeo. The region is notable for the Najeong Pass, which served as a border gateway between Baekje and Silla.
Historical Background of Muju
The district was renamed Muju County in 1414 during the reign of King Taejong of the Joseon Dynasty. Further administrative changes elevated it to a district status during the reign of King Hyunjong, and finally, it became Muju-gun during King Gojong’s era.
Muju is characterized by its mountainous terrain and is renowned for hosting the 1997 Winter Universiade. In 2019, it was designated as the Jinan-Muju National Geopark. It is bordered by four provinces: North Chungcheong, South Chungcheong, North Gyeongsang, and South Gyeongsang, making it a significant geographic location.
Landmarks and Natural Attractions
- D gyeusan Mountain: A prominent peak in Muju, it ranks fourth among the highest mountains in South Korea.
- National Park: Designated as a national park in 1975, D gyeusan Mountain is known for its natural beauty and cultural heritage.
- Jik Sang Mountain: Featuring formidable cliffs, this mountain has a unique geography resembling a red skirt.
Exploring An Guksa and Hoguksa Temples
An Guksa Temple, associated with the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, was established during the reign of Goryeo’s Chungnyeolwang. Originally known as Gohyeongsa and Bokgyeongsa, it was renamed An Guksa after serving as a refuge for soldiers during the Imjin War.
In 1992, the temple was relocated to the former site of Hoguksa due to the construction of a dam. The temple is home to a treasure known as the Yeongsanghoe Gyeobul-Tae, created during the reign of King Yeongjo and designated as a national treasure in 1997.
Hoguksa Temple
Established in 1614, Hoguksa was created to protect the historical site of Jik Sang Mountain. Planned by Lee Sik, a prominent figure at that time, it served as a guardian temple within the mountain fortress.
Unfortunately, in 1949, Hoguksa was destroyed during the Yeosu-Suncheon Incident. Today, only a few structures remain, including a shrine and a small hall.
Attractions of Guchendong Valley
Guchendong Valley is known for its scenic beauty and cultural significance, containing 33 points of interest. Among them, the Sixth Scenic Area, designated as a natural monument, is particularly notable.
- Bae Ryeon Temple: Built during the Silla Dynasty, it was named after the white lotus flower that bloomed in the area.
Muju’s historical sites, such as An Guksa and Hoguksa, alongside its breathtaking natural landscapes, make it a compelling destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
