Forecasters are warning that Western and Central Canada should prepare for a significant winter weather event. The phenomenon known as the polar vortex is expected to impact these regions soon. This weather condition, which has been linked to extreme cold scenarios, could potentially extend into Eastern Canada.
Understanding the Polar Vortex
The polar vortex is a term that gained fame during the severe winter of 2014. At that time, temperatures plummeted to levels colder than those on Mars in some areas. This natural occurrence is always present but typically remains stable high in the north. However, occasional disruptions can send frigid air south.
According to Judah Cohen, a climatologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the current forecasts are indicating a significant cold pattern. “The European model shows impressive potential for cold weather impacting Calgary and Winnipeg,” Cohen stated.
Mechanics of the Polar Vortex
The polar vortex exists in the stratosphere, roughly 15 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. When it is stable, it usually remains in Arctic regions. However, every couple of years, the vortex destabilizes, leading to a cold air influx at lower latitudes. Michael Sigmond from Environment and Climate Change Canada noted that these disruptions can cause dramatic temperature changes, sometimes warming the upper atmosphere by tens of degrees Celsius in a matter of days.
Types of Polar Vortex Events
- Sudden Stratospheric Warming: This phenomenon involves extreme warming in the stratosphere, disrupting typical wind patterns.
- Polar Vortex Splits: These events can lead to significant cold air being released into lower latitudes.
- Stretching Vortex: Occasionally, the vortex can stretch without splitting, also bringing cold air south.
Experts are debating the nature of the upcoming polar vortex event. Some believe it could be categorized as sudden stratospheric warming, potentially making it the earliest occurrence on record.
Future Projections
As the polar vortex moves, the critical question remains: will it dive straight south or shift eastward? This uncertainty is what many meteorologists are currently investigating. Whatever the case may be, residents should brace for impactful winter weather in the near future.
