Radon gas, an invisible and odorless byproduct of geological processes, poses a significant health risk in Canadian homes. Studies indicate that around one in five residential properties in Canada have elevated radon levels. The prevalence of high radon levels has more than doubled since the late 2000s, contributing to approximately 3,200 lung cancer deaths annually.
Understanding Radon Exposure in Canada
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas released from the ground. It can seep into homes, particularly in newer constructions that are built to be energy efficient and airtight. This can trap radon indoors, increasing exposure for the inhabitants. Pawel Mekarski, head of radon technical operations at Health Canada, stresses the importance of ventilation improvements as homes are renovated to be more airtight.
National Building Code Update
In response to the growing radon issue, a significant update to the national building code was released in December 2022. This new regulation mandates that all newly constructed homes include a passive radon stack. Designed to help lower indoor radon levels, these stacks function similarly to chimneys, guiding harmful gases outside. However, this code must be adopted by provincial and territorial authorities to become effective nationwide.
Testing for Radon
Determining whether your home has dangerous radon levels is crucial. The only reliable method is to perform a radon test. Homeowners can either engage a professional radon measurement service or purchase a test kit, available in some communities for free through libraries or public health initiatives. Health Canada recommends testing for a minimum of 91 days, ideally extending to 3 to 12 months, especially during colder seasons when windows and doors are closed.
Mitigation Strategies
If a home registers radon levels at or above the national guideline of 200 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m³), action is necessary. The Take Action on Radon program provides a directory of certified professionals able to install mitigation systems. These systems often involve a pipe that expels radon outdoors using a fan, and installation typically takes less than a day.
- Cost of Installation: Radon mitigation systems can cost between $2,000 and $5,000, depending on the property’s size and location.
- Government Assistance: Some regions offer financial support, like Ontario’s home warranty program and Manitoba’s unique financing plans for low-income households.
The Cost Barrier
Sarah Butson, CEO of the Canadian Lung Association, highlights that the cost of radon testing and mitigation is a significant barrier for many Canadians. This financial strain often deters homeowners from testing, as they may not afford subsequent mitigation efforts. The association provides a grant program, yet funding is limited, covering only a small fraction of households in need.
Health Risks Associated with Radon
Long-term exposure to high radon levels is linked to severe health risks, including lung cancer. Dr. Kong Khoo, an oncologist personally affected, was diagnosed with lung cancer and attributes his condition to high radon exposure in his home. His experience emphasizes the importance of radon testing and mitigation for all homeowners to safeguard their health.
Radon remains a pressing concern across Canada. Awareness, testing, and proactive mitigation are essential steps for homeowners to protect themselves and their families from this hidden danger.
