The Sahel region is witnessing a significant transformation driven by the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), a bloc comprising Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. This alliance emerged in the wake of military coups in these countries and represents a shift in geopolitical dynamics in the region.
Formation of the Alliance of Sahel States
Founded in September 2023, the AES consolidates efforts to address pressing security concerns. This alliance came about after Mali and Burkina Faso experienced military coups in 2020 and 2021, followed by Niger’s coup in July 2023. These governments have aligned themselves away from traditional partnerships, particularly with France, and are now engaging with Russian support.
Key Leaders of the Alliance
- Assimi Goita – Mali
- Ibrahim Traore – Burkina Faso
- Abdourahamane Tchiani – Niger
Recent Developments and Key Initiatives
In December 2023, leaders convened in Bamako for a crucial summit. The AES launched a joint military force aimed at combating regional armed groups, such as Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), which have expanded their activities across the Sahel.
At the summit, a new investment and development bank was inaugurated. This bank aims to fund infrastructure projects without depending on Western financing, symbolizing a new direction for the Sahel.
Concerns Regarding Security
While attending the summit, the precarious security situation in Bamako was evident. Armed groups have maintained a blockade around the city since September, causing fuel shortages and disruptions in goods supply. Despite these challenges, life in Bamako continues with a resilient spirit.
The Shift in Political Alliances
The member countries of the AES share a history of discontent with previous colonial influences. The removal of their democratically elected leaders by the military is framed as a necessary step toward regaining sovereignty. This includes distancing themselves from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which they accuse of prioritizing foreign interests.
Regional Sentiment and Future Prospects
As the AES continues to evolve, it faces scrutiny from various observers. Supporters argue that this alliance restores dignity and agency to the Sahelian countries. Critics view it as a concentration of power among military rulers, potentially leading to repression.
Overall, the AES is not merely a political entity but a reformative effort to adapt to the unique needs of the Sahel region. As these countries pursue a shared narrative and respond to local grievances, the region’s transformation remains a focal point of attention.
