A recent UN Security Council report offers a detailed assessment of the Taliban’s governance in Afghanistan, showcasing a regime marked by centralization and ideological rigidity.
Afghanistan Under Taliban Leadership
Released on December 8 by the UN’s Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team, the report critiques the Taliban’s ability to maintain effective governance. It reveals how extreme centralization defines the current political order.
Centralized Authority and Leadership
- Hibatullah Akhundzada: The Amir al-Mu’minin holds ultimate authority and rules primarily through religious decrees.
- Kandahar: Serves as the political center, where Akhundzada remains physically isolated.
- Decision-making: Highly centralized with loyal supporters in each province’s Councils of Ulama.
- Opposition: Any dissent is met with severe consequences, including dismissal, detention, or exile.
Internal Divisions and Tensions
Despite presenting a strong front, the Taliban face significant internal divisions. Tensions exist between Kandahar hardliners and Kabul pragmatists, particularly involving the Haqqani Network led by Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani.
- Haqqani has publicly raised concerns about governance failures.
- Critics of girls’ education policies, like Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai, faced dismissal or exile.
Educational Reforms and Ideological Indoctrination
One of the report’s critical findings highlights major changes in Afghanistan’s education system. Directed by Akhundzada, the reform aims to serve as a platform for ideological indoctrination.
- Banned Disciplines: At least 18 subjects no longer exist, including political science and sociology.
- Curricular Changes: Focus shifted away from civic values and human rights.
Security Landscape and Economic Challenges
The security situation is complex. While violence has declined compared to pre-2021 levels, threats from groups like ISIS-K persist. Over 20 terrorist organizations remain active in the country.
Economically, Afghanistan is under severe stress:
- GDP fell significantly in early 2025.
- Unemployment rates hover around 75%.
- Nearly 70% of the population depends on foreign assistance.
Path to Stability
For Afghanistan to achieve lasting stability, inclusive governance is crucial. Power must be shared across all ethnic groups and political affiliations.
The ongoing exclusion of women from governance exacerbates challenges to legitimacy and social cohesion. Without international engagement and constructive regional cooperation, Afghanistan risks remaining unstable and resistant to necessary reforms.
The report emphasizes that cooperation with neighboring countries, accountability, and shared governance are essential for the future of Afghanistan. Without these elements, the current order will remain fragile and unsustainable.
