The interwar period in Poland marked a vibrant cultural renaissance, particularly in social events. The elites of the Second Polish Republic (II RP) celebrated life with extravagant parties and festivities. Major cities, especially Warsaw, and popular spa towns like Krynica Zdrój and Zakopane, were hotspots for lively celebrations.
Carnival in the Second Polish Republic: How Interwar Elites Celebrated
Karnawał was the highlight of the social calendar, featuring lavish balls, masquerades, and other grand events. These gatherings attracted the artistic and intellectual elite, eager for unique experiences after years of turmoil during the partitions and wars. Local venues became stages for extraordinary displays, including live pigs and even horses at some events.
Signature Events and Celebrations
One of the most notable celebrations was the New Year’s Reception at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, hosted by President Ignacy Mościcki. This event brought together diplomats, military officials, and cultural figures, all welcomed by footmen in historical attire. The banquet featured exclusively Polish dishes presented on porcelain decorated with the national emblem.
Despite its grandeur, the reception was often ridiculed in cabarets for being overly formal and protocol-driven. In contrast, the artistic community preferred less rigid, more festive gatherings.
Popular Balls in the II RP
- Fashion Ball at Hotel Europejski: Often likened to the American Met Gala, this prestigious event featured the elite from the film and theater worlds. Famous designers showcased their collections, and the title “Queen of Fashion” was hotly contested among attendees.
- New Year’s Balls: Locations like the “Adria” in Warsaw were famed for their innovative environments, including revolving dance floors and air conditioning.
- Sports Press Ball: Organized yearly, it attracted journalists and elite sports personalities, making it a social highlight.
Fashion and Firmer Social Ties
The Fashion Ball was not merely a social gathering, but also an effective marketing platform for Polish fashion houses and tailors. Designers, such as Bogusław Herse, known as the “Polish Dior,” gained significant recognition through these events.
Additionally, the competition for the “Queen of Fashion” encouraged women to invest in exquisite gowns, echoing modern influencer culture, as the winner received a year of complimentary outfits from leading fashion brands.
Notable Figures of the Time
- Generał Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski: Known for his flamboyant lifestyle, he was a central figure at the parties.
- Józef Flach and Jan Kiepura: Important cultural figures who attended various social events, helping shape Poland’s artistic landscape.
The photographic archives from this era capture the lavishness and spirit of the interwar carnival season. They offer glimpses into a vibrant world where culture and community thrived, providing a captivating look back at how the elites of the Second Polish Republic celebrated life.
