California’s K-12 education funding model has long been a topic of debate among policymakers and educators. Recently, a report from the Legislative Analyst’s Office raised concerns about potential issues arising from tying K-12 funding to enrollment rather than attendance. This shift, which mirrors practices in 45 other states, could provide an extra $6 billion annually to California schools but may inadvertently harm student attendance and outcomes.
Funding Based on Enrollment vs. Attendance
California traditionally funds its schools based on average daily attendance. This model has been in place for over a century, and schools have argued that it needs reform. The proposal to switch to an enrollment-based funding model raises several significant issues.
- Linking funding to enrollment diminishes the motivation for schools to encourage daily attendance.
- A decline in attendance could result as schools focus less on enticing students to class.
- Increased absenteeism can negatively affect students’ academic achievements and overall success.
Current Attendance and Academic Performance
The report highlights that California’s student attendance rates dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, nearly 96% of students attended school every day, but this number fell to about 90% during remote learning.
Research shows that strong attendance correlates with:
- Higher test scores
- Increased reading proficiency
- Better graduation rates
Recommendations for School Funding Reform
Analysts suggest that instead of switching to enrollment-based funding, the Legislature should enhance the current attendance-based model. Key recommendations include:
- Provide more funding for schools with high populations of low-income students, students in foster care, and English learners.
- Maintain incentives for schools to focus on attendance and retention.
Previous pilot studies indicated that financial incentives led to increased attendance, with high schools experiencing a 5.4% rise and elementary schools seeing a 3.1% increase.
Impact on Resources for High-Needs Students
Critics of the proposed funding shift argue it would undermine support for schools with the highest needs. Research indicates that schools with lower attendance often serve a larger number of students requiring extra help, including English learners and low-income families.
Troy Flint, a spokesman for the California School Boards Association, emphasized the importance of financial incentives for encouraging attendance. He stated that switching to an enrollment-based system might worsen conditions for these vulnerable student populations, perpetuating existing challenges.
Current Funding Overview
Presently, California schools receive approximately $15,000 per student through the Local Control Funding Formula, supplemented by an additional $7,000 from various federal sources and special education. Overall, public education spending in California exceeded $100 billion last year.
Conclusion
As California contemplates changes in its K-12 funding structure, it is critical to balance financial needs with the importance of student attendance. Stakeholders should consider the implications of a funding model that prioritizes enrollment over daily engagement to support the state’s diverse student population effectively.
